Understanding the Types of Brick Masonry and the Tools Used in Construction

What is Brick Masonry?

Brick masonry is a construction technique that involves the use of different types of bricks and mortar to create structures. It is one of the oldest and most popular building methods, known for its strength, durability, and aesthetic appeal. In brick masonry, bricks are carefully laid in a specific pattern and bonded together with mortar, creating a strong and stable structure. 

Bricks, made from clay and other materials, are rectangular in shape and come in different sizes, colours, and textures. They are arranged in various patterns, known as bond patterns, which determine the strength and stability of the structure. The bond patterns include stretcher bond, header bond, Flemish bond, English bond, and more. Each bond pattern has its own unique arrangement of bricks and offers different aesthetic effects. 

To enhance the strength and durability of brick masonry, mortar is used as the binding agent. Mortar is made from a mixture of cement, sand, and water, and its composition varies depending on the requirements of the project. It fills the gaps between bricks, providing stability and preventing moisture penetration. Now that we understand the basics of brick masonry, let's explore the different types of brick masonry techniques.

Types of Brick Masonry

Brick masonry techniques can be classified into various types based on the type of mortar used, the placement pattern of bricks, and the type of bonds created between bricks. Two common types of brick masonry are: 

1. Brick Masonry Work in the Mud

Mud, also called clayey soil, has been a building material for ages. In mud brick masonry, mud serves as the mortar instead of cement. Bricks are joined using a mud mixture, which is more flexible than cement mortar. This flexibility helps structures handle ground movements better and offers improved heat and sound insulation. Mud brick masonry is commonly seen in traditional or rural buildings.

This particular type of brick masonry offers various benefits including cost-effectiveness due to its usage of local materials, good insulation against heat, easy to work with and repair, and gives buildings a rustic appearance. 

2. Brick Masonry Work in Cement

Brick masonry with cement is the most commonly used type in modern construction. It uses cement mortar as the binding agent to create robust and long-lasting structures. Bricks are arranged in various patterns, like stretcher or header bond, based on the design needs. This type of brick masonry provides strong, stable, and durable buildings.

This type of brick masonry work offers benefits such as high structural strength and durability, resistance to moisture, fire and pests, a wide range of design possibilities, and a modern and clean aesthetic. 

Also Read: How to Check Brick Quality?

Let us now explore the different types of brick masonry tools used in various methods. 

Types of Brick Masonry Tools and Equipments

1. Hammer

The hammer is another crucial tool used in brick masonry construction. Its versatility makes it indispensable for a wide range of tasks. A hammer is primarily used to break bricks into smaller pieces, especially when adjustments or customization is required. Additionally, hammers are also used for tapping and adjusting their position during construction. This ensures that the bricks are securely placed and aligned correctly. 

2. Trowel

The trowel is a handheld tool that is used extensively in brick masonry. Its primary purpose is to spread and shape mortar during the construction process. 

This ensures a secure bond between the bricks, enhancing the overall strength and stability of the structure. Trowels can also be used to scrape excess mortar off the surface of bricks, smoothing and finishing mortar joints, and creating neat and attractive finishes.

3. Spirit Level

A spirit level, an essential tool in brick masonry, guarantees the accuracy of wall alignment. By checking both horizontal and vertical planes, it ensures that bricks are laid perfectly level and plumb. This precision enhances the structural integrity and aesthetic appeal of the final brickwork.

4. Jointer

The jointer is a specialised tool used to create clean, smooth mortar joints in brick masonry. It imparts a finished look, enhances structural integrity, and protects against water ingress. By shaping and compacting the mortar between bricks, it contributes to the overall durability and appearance of the wall.

5. Wheelbarrow

 Wheelbarrows are indispensable for brick masons. They transport bricks, mortar, and other materials efficiently across the construction site. This not only saves time but also reduces physical strain on labourers, making bricklaying more manageable and productive.

6. Tape Measure

A tape measure plays a crucial role in maintaining consistent spacing between bricks. It ensures the precision of brick positioning and alignment. By taking accurate measurements, bricklayers guarantee uniformity in the wall's structure, contributing to its strength and overall quality.